Hoeatio j



I (No Model.) I

4 H. J. BREWER.

GALVANIG BATTER-Y.-

PatentedMar. '27, 1888.

ITNESSES 46m INVENTOR:

BY um ATTORNEYS.-

' UNITED STATES HAORATIO J. BREWER,

. PATENT OFFICE;

on NEW ironic N. Y.

GA L-VANIC BATTERY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 380,084, dated March27, 1888.

Application filed October 22, 1886. Renewed September 27, 1887. SerialNo. 250,844. (No model.)

To 015 whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HORATIO J. BREWER, of the city, county, and State ofNew York, have invented a new and Improved Porous- Oup Battery, of whichthe following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The object of rnyinvention is to providea certain new andusefulimprovementin porous-cup batteries, whereby a thorough contactbetween the electrode and the electro-negative material in the porouscup is established, and the electrode is held in a firm position and theaccumulation of a coating on the electrode is prevented. I

The invention consists of an electrode provided with inclined sides.

The invention also consists of various parts and details andcombinations of the same, as

will .be fully described hereinafter, and then pointed out in theclaims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part ofthis specification, in which similar letters of reference indicatecorresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a central sectional elevation of my improvement; and Figs.2, 3, and 4 are sectional plan views of the electrode on the line a: wof Fig. 1, showing varied forms of the cross-section of the electrode.

In the jar A, of any suitable form and size, is placed the porous cup B,in which is set the electrode 0, of carbon or other material, andprovided with inclined sides and resting with its base on the bottom ofthe cup B. The upper end of the electrode 0 projects beyond the upperend of the jar A, andis preferably of uniform shape in cross-section andcarries the binding post or clamp D, of any approved construction. Theelectro-negative material E is placed in the said cup B, and surroundsthe inclined sides of the carbon electrode 0 and packs against the. saidinclined sides. After the electrode 0 and the material E are placedinthe porous cup B, moistened cement is poured upon the material E, so asto form a cover,

F, on top of the material and around the elec-,

trode C. The cement covering F is held in place on the upper end of thecup B, which is providedwith indentations which are filled by thecement, and thus hold the cover F firmly in position. A cover, G, isfitted on the mouth of the jar A, and through an aperture in the sameprojects the straight upper end of the electrode 0. 7

- The cross-section of the electrode 0 may be of various shapes, asshown in Figs. 2, 3, and 4, but the electrode must be provided withinclined sides. It will be seen that as the material E presses on theinclinedsides of the electrode 0 it establishes a strong contact withthe said electrode, and thereby increases the efficiency of the battery;At the same time the electrode 0 is held in a firm position in theporous cup, as the material E and the cover F prevent a sidewise or anupward motion.

It will further be seen. that when a battery is moved about the materialE is disturbed in its position around the electrode 0 and shifts itscontacting-point with the sides of the said electrode, and as thelatter. is usually slightly coated on the parts not covered by thematerial, caused by the action of the liquid used in connection with thebattery, and as the coated spots or places on the electrode form a badconductor, it is evident that when the material changes its position andcomes in contact with the coated places or spots on the electrode 0 itwill decrease the efficiency of the contact between the electrode andthe material. This is true only for electrodes without inclined sides;but with my electrode I obviate this difficulty, as the pressure of thematerial on the inclined sides of the electrode is always sufficient toscrape the coating off when the material shifts its position, and thus adirect contact with the electrode is always insured. The cement used asa cover is preferably Portland cement, which is mixed with water to forma mortar, so that a pliable mass is obtained, which is poured on top ofthe material E and left to dry, whereby the cement becomes hard. Thecover thus formed on the porous The cover is provided with the usualopenings to permit the gases generated in the porous cup to escape.covers heretofore used are generally liable to become closed when thebattery is exposed to heat by the softening of the wax, and when soclosed the gases below the cover cannot escape and render the batteryineffective The apertures in the wax and dangerous. Heretofore metal andglass tubes were often inserted in the wax cover, so as to ventilate thecup and prevent closing of the aperture; but with my improved cover Idonot need any tubeswhatever. The zinc electrode is placed in the jar inthe usual manner.

Having thus fully described my invent-ion, I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent- 1. In a porous-cup battery the combination,with the porous cup, of acarbon electrode having inclined sides andplaced with its base downward, and the electro-negative material placedin the said porous cup and packed against the inclined sides of thecarbon electrode, substantially as shown and described.

2. In a porous-cup battery, the combination, with a porous cup, of theelectro-negative material placed in the said cup, an electrode havinginclined sides and resting with its base on the bottom of said porouscup, and a cement cover held firmly on the mouth of the said porous cupby indentations in the latter which are filled by the cement,substantially as shown and described.

3. In a porous-cup battery, the jar A, the lid G, fitting on the mouthof the said jar, and

the porous cup B, placed in the said jar and having indentations on theinside of its upper end, in combination with the electro-negativematerial E, placed in the said cup B, the electrode 0, having inclinedsides which are in contact with the material E, and the cement coverF ontop of the said material E and held in place by the said indentations inthe porous cup, substantially as shown and described.

4. In a porouscup battery, a cover having apertures and formed of mortaror cement mixed with water and applied in a moistened state and left todry and harden, substantially as set forth.

5. In a porous-cup battery, a porous cup, electro-negative materialplaced in the said cup, and the electrode 0 in the said cup, incombination with a cover having apertures and formed of mortar or cementmixed with Water and applied in a moistened state and left to dry andharden on the mouth of the said cup and on top of the said negativematerial, substantially as set forth.

HORATIO J. BREWER.

